Mishnah Bikkurim · chapter 2

Tap any Hebrew word to trace it to its Jastrow dictionary entry.

1. 1

   הַתְּרוּמָה וְהַבִּכּוּרִים, חַיָּבִים עֲלֵיהֶן מִיתָה וְחֹמֶשׁ, וַאֲסוּרִים לְזָרִים, וְהֵם נִכְסֵי כֹהֵן, וְעוֹלִין בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, וּטְעוּנִין רְחִיצַת יָדַיִם וְהַעֲרֵב שֶׁמֶשׁ. הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ בִתְרוּמָה וּבִכּוּרִים, מַה שֶׁאֵין כֵּן בַּמַּעֲשֵׂר:

   Regarding terumah and bikkurim:One is liable to death And the [additional] fifth; And they are forbidden to non-priests; And they are the property of the priest; And they are neutralized in a hundred and one parts; And they require the washing of hands; And the setting of the sun. These [laws] apply only to terumah and bikkurim, but not to tithe.

2. 2

   יֵשׁ בְּמַעֲשֵׂר וּבִכּוּרִים מַה שֶּׁאֵין כֵּן בַּתְּרוּמָה, שֶׁהַמַּעֲשֵׂר וְהַבִּכּוּרִים טְעוּנִים הֲבָאַת מָקוֹם, וּטְעוּנִים וִדּוּי, וַאֲסוּרִין לָאוֹנֵן. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר. וְחַיָּבִין בַּבִּעוּר. וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן פּוֹטֵר. וַאֲסוּרִין כָּל שֶׁהֵן מִלֶּאֱכֹל בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם. וְגִדּוּלֵיהֶן אֲסוּרִים מִלֶּאֱכֹל בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם אַף לְזָרִים וְלַבְּהֵמָה. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר. הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ בַּמַּעֲשֵׂר וּבַבִּכּוּרִים, מַה שֶּׁאֵין כֵּן בַּתְּרוּמָה:

   There are [laws] which apply to [second tithe] and bikkurim but not to terumah:That [second] tithe and bikkurim must to be brought to [the appointed] place; They require confession; They are forbidden to an onen. But Rabbi Shimon permits [bikkurim to an onen]; They are subject to [the law of] removal. But Rabbi Shimon exempts [bikkurim from removal]. And in Jerusalem the slightest mixture of them [with hullin of the same species] renders it forbidden to be consumed [as common food outside of Jerusalem.] And what grows from them in Jerusalem is forbidden to be consumed [outside of Jerusalem], Even by non-priests or by cattle; But Rabbi Shimon permits. These are [the laws] which apply to [second] tithe and bikkurim, but not to terumah.

3. 3

   יֵשׁ בַּתְּרוּמָה וְבַמַּעֲשֵׂר מַה שֶּׁאֵין כֵּן בַּבִּכּוּרִים, שֶׁהַתְּרוּמָה וְהַמַּעֲשֵׂר אוֹסְרִין אֶת הַגֹּרֶן, וְיֵשׁ לָהֶם שִׁעוּר, וְנוֹהֲגִים בְּכָל הַפֵּרוֹת, בִּפְנֵי הַבַּיִת וְשֶׁלֹּא בִפְנֵי הַבַּיִת, וּבָאֲרִיסִין וּבֶחָכוֹרוֹת וּבַסִּקָּרִיקוֹן וּבַגַּזְלָן. הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ בַתְּרוּמָה וּבַמַּעֲשֵׂר, מַה שֶּׁאֵין כֵּן בַּבִּכּוּרִים:

   There are [laws] which apply to terumah and maaser [sheni] but not to bikkurim:Terumah and the [second] tithe render forbidden [the contents of] the threshing-floor; They have a set amount. They apply to all produce; Both during and after Temple times; [And they apply to to produce grown] by sharecroppers, leasers, or occupiers of confiscated property (sikarikon), or a robber. These are [the laws] which apply to terumah and maaser [sheni], but not to bikkurim.

4. 4

   וְיֵשׁ בַּבִּכּוּרִים מַה שֶּׁאֵין כֵּן בַּתְּרוּמָה וּבַמַּעֲשֵׂר, שֶׁהַבִּכּוּרִים נִקְנִין בִּמְחֻבָּר לַקַּרְקַע, וְעוֹשֶׂה אָדָם כָּל שָׂדֵהוּ בִּכּוּרִים, וְחַיָּב בְּאַחֲרָיוּתָם, וּטְעוּנִים קָרְבָּן וְשִׁיר וּתְנוּפָה וְלִינָה:

   And there are [laws] which apply to bikkurim which do not [apply] to terumah or maaser sheni:For bikkurim can become acquired while still attached [to the soil]. And a man may make his entire field bikkurim; He is responsible for them; And they require a sacrifice, a song, waving and spending the night in Jerusalem.

5. 5

   תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר שָׁוָה לַבִּכּוּרִים בִּשְׁתֵּי דְרָכִים, וְלַתְּרוּמָה בִּשְׁתֵּי דְרָכִים. נִטֶּלֶת מִן הַטָּהוֹר עַל הַטָּמֵא, וְשֶׁלֹּא מִן הַמֻּקָּף, כַּבִּכּוּרִים. וְאוֹסֶרֶת אֶת הַגֹּרֶן, וְיֶשׁ לָהּ שִׁעוּר, כַּתְּרוּמָה:

   The terumah of tithe is like bikkurim in two ways, and like terumah in two other ways:It may be taken from pure produce for impure produce; And from such produce that is not in close proximity, like bikkurim. And it renders the contents of the threshing-floor forbidden, And it has a prescribed amount like terumah.

6. 6

   אֶתְרוֹג שָׁוֶה לָאִילָן בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה דְרָכִים, וְלַיָּרָק בְּדֶרֶךְ אֶחָד. שָׁוֶה לָאִילָן, בָּעָרְלָה וּבָרְבָעִי וּבַשְּׁבִיעִית. וְלַיָּרָק בְּדֶרֶךְ אֶחָד, שֶׁבִּשְׁעַת לְקִיטָתוֹ עִשּׂוּרוֹ, דִּבְרֵי רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, שָׁוֶה לָאִילָן בְּכָל דָּבָר:

   An etrog is similar in three ways to [the fruit of an ordinary] tree, and in one way to a vegetable. It is similar to a tree in respect of orlah, fourth year plantings, and [the law of] the seventh year; And it is similar to a vegetable in one thing: that its tithing goes according to the time it is harvested, the words of Rabban Gamaliel. Rabbi Eliezer says: it is similar to a tree in all ways.

7. 7

   דַּם מְהַלְּכֵי שְׁתַּיִם, שָׁוֶה לְדַם בְּהֵמָה, לְהַכְשִׁיר אֶת הַזְּרָעִים. וְדַם הַשֶּׁרֶץ, אֵין חַיָּבִין עָלָיו:

   The blood of those who walk on two [legs] is like the blood of beasts in that it renders seeds susceptible [to impurity]. And it is like the blood of a sheretz, in that one is not liable for eating it.

8. 8

   כּוֹי, יֶשׁ בּוֹ דְרָכִים שָׁוֶה לַחַיָּה, וְיֶשׁ בּוֹ דְרָכִים שָׁוֶה לַבְּהֵמָה, וְיֶשׁ בּוֹ דְרָכִים שָׁוֶה לַבְּהֵמָה וְלַחַיָּה, וְיֶשׁ בּוֹ דְרָכִים שֶׁאֵינוֹ שָׁוֶה לֹא לַבְּהֵמָה וְלֹא לַחַיָּה:

   A koy is in some ways like a wild animal (hayyah); in some ways it is like a domesticated animal (behemah); in some ways it is like both a behemah and a hayyah, and in some ways it is like neither a behemah nor a hayyah.

9. 9

   כֵּיצַד שָׁוֶה לַחַיָּה, דָּמוֹ טָעוּן כִּסּוּי כְּדַם חַיָּה, וְאֵין שׁוֹחֲטִין אוֹתוֹ בְּיוֹם טוֹב, וְאִם שְׁחָטוֹ, אֵין מְכַסִּין אֶת דָּמוֹ, וְחֶלְבּוֹ מְטַמֵּא בְטֻמְאַת נְבֵלָה כַּחַיָּה, וְטֻמְאָתוֹ בְסָפֵק, וְאֵין פּוֹדִין בּוֹ פֶּטֶר חֲמוֹר:

   How is it like a wild animal?Its blood must be covered like the blood of a wild animal. It may not be slaughtered on a festival. If he slaughtered it, he should not cover its blood. Its fat is impure like that of a wild animal, but its impurity is of doubtful status. One does not redeem with it the first-born of a donkey.

10. 10

    כֵּיצַד שָׁוֶה לַבְּהֵמָה, חֶלְבּוֹ אָסוּר כְּחֵלֶב בְּהֵמָה, וְאֵין חַיָּבִין עָלָיו כָּרֵת, וְאֵינוֹ נִלְקָח בְּכֶסֶף מַעֲשֵׂר לֶאֱכֹל בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם, וְחַיָּב בִּזְרוֹעַ וּלְחָיַיִם וְקֵבָה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר פּוֹטֵר, שֶׁהַמּוֹצִיא מֵחֲבֵרוֹ עָלָיו הָרְאָיָה:

    And how is [the koy] similar to a behemah (a domesticated beast)?Its fat (helev) is prohibited like the fat of a behemah, but one [who eats it] is not liable for karet. It may not be bought with the money from second tithe to be eaten in Jerusalem. It is subject to [the priest’s share of] the shoulder, the two cheeks and the maw. Rabbi Eliezer exempts it because the burden of proof is upon the one who extracts from his neighbor.

11. 11

    כֵּיצַד אֵינוֹ שָׁוֶה לֹא לַחַיָּה וְלֹא לַבְּהֵמָה, אָסוּר מִשּׁוּם כִּלְאַיִם עִם הַחַיָּה וְעִם הַבְּהֵמָה, הַכּוֹתֵב חַיָּתוֹ וּבְהֶמְתּוֹ לִבְנוֹ, לֹא כָתַב לוֹ אֶת הַכּוֹי, אִם אָמַר הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר שֶׁזֶּה חַיָּה אוֹ בְהֵמָה, הֲרֵי הוּא נָזִיר. וּשְׁאָר כָּל דְּרָכָיו, שָׁוִים לַחַיָּה וְלַבְּהֵמָה, וְטָעוּן שְׁחִיטָה כָּזֶה וְכָזֶה, וּמְטַמֵּא מִשּׁוּם נְבֵלָה וּמִשּׁוּם אֵבֶר מִן הַחַי כָּזֶה וְכָזֶה:

    And how is [a koy] neither like a behemah nor like a hayyah?It is forbidden because of kilayim [to yoke it] with either a behemah or a hayyah. One who deeds his son his behemah and his hayyah he has not [thereby] given him the koy. If one says, “I will become a nazirite if this is [not] a hayyah or a behemah”, he is a nazirite. In all other ways it is like a behemah and a hayyah: It requires slaughtering (shehitah) like them both; It carries carrion impurity; And to it applies the law relating to a limb of a living being like them both.