Mishnah Challah · chapter 1

Tap any Hebrew word to trace it to its Jastrow dictionary entry.

1. 1

   חֲמִשָּׁה דְבָרִים חַיָּבִים בַּחַלָּה, הַחִטִּים וְהַשְּׂעוֹרִים וְהַכֻּסְּמִין וְשִׁבֹּלֶת שׁוּעָל וְשִׁיפוֹן. הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חַיָּבִין בַּחַלָּה, וּמִצְטָרְפִין זֶה עִם זֶה, וַאֲסוּרִין בֶּחָדָשׁ מִלִּפְנֵי הַפֶּסַח, וּמִלִּקְצֹר מִלִּפְנֵי הָעֹמֶר. וְאִם הִשְׁרִישׁוּ קֹדֶם לָעֹמֶר, הָעֹמֶר מַתִּירָן. וְאִם לָאו, אֲסוּרִין עַד שֶׁיָּבֹא הָעֹמֶר הַבָּא:

   Five species [of grains] are subject to [the law of] hallah: wheat, barley, spelt, oats and rye. These are subject to hallah, and [dough made from different types of these grains] are accounted together one with another [as one quantity]. And their “new” [harvest] is prohibited prior to Pesah, and [they are subject] to [the prohibition of] reaping prior to the Omer. If they took root prior to the Omer, the omer permits them. If not, they are prohibited until the next Omer has come.

2. 2

   הָאוֹכֵל מֵהֶם כַּזַּיִת מַצָּה בְּפֶסַח, יָצָא יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ. כַּזַּיִת חָמֵץ, חַיָּב בְּהִכָּרֵת. נִתְעָרֵב אֶחָד מֵהֶם בְּכָל הַמִּינִים, הֲרֵי זֶה עוֹבֵר בְּפֶסַח. הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַפַּת וּמִן הַתְּבוּאָה, אָסוּר בָּהֶם, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַדָּגָן אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא מֵהֶן. וְחַיָּבִין בַּחַלָּה וּבַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת:

   If one has eaten of [these five] on Pesah an olive-size piece of matzah, he has fulfilled his obligation. [If he ate on Pesah] an olive-size of piece of hametz [made of these grains], he is liable for karet. If one of these [grains, having become leavened,] became mixed with any other species, one must remove it on Pesah. If one has vowed [to abstain] from [consuming] bread and tevuah (produce), he is prohibited from consuming these [five species] the words of Rabbi Meir. The sages say: if one has vowed [to abstain] from [consuming] dagan, is prohibited only from [consuming] these [species] only. They are subject to hallah and tithes.

3. 3

   אֵלּוּ חַיָּבִין בַּחַלָּה וּפְטוּרִים מִן הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת. הַלֶּקֶט, וְהַשִּׁכְחָה, וְהַפֵּאָה, וְהַהֶפְקֵר, וּמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁנִּטְּלָה תְרוּמָתוֹ, וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְהֶקְדֵּשׁ שֶׁנִּפְדּוּ, וּמוֹתַר הָעֹמֶר, וּתְבוּאָה שֶׁלֹּא הֵבִיאָה שְׁלִישׁ. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, תְּבוּאָה שֶׁלֹּא הֵבִיאָה שְׁלִישׁ, פְּטוּרָה מִן הַחַלָּה:

   The following are subject to hallah, but exempt from tithes: gleanings, from the forgotten sheaf, from peah or from ownerless produce and the first tithe from which terumah has been removed, second tithe and consecrated [produce] which has been redeemed, and that which remains over from the omer, and grain which has not grown one-third [ripe]. Rabbi Eliezer says: grain which has not grown one-third [ripe] is exempt [also] from hallah.

4. 4

   אֵלּוּ חַיָּבִין בַּמַּעַשְׂרוֹת וּפְטוּרִים מִן הַחַלָּה, הָאֹרֶז, וְהַדֹּחַן, וְהַפְּרָגִים, וְהַשֻּׁמְשְׁמִין, וְהַקִּטְנִיּוֹת, וּפָחוֹת מֵחֲמֵשֶׁת רְבָעִים בַּתְּבוּאָה. הַסֻּפְגָּנִין, וְהַדֻּבְשָׁנִין, וְהָאִסְקְרִיטִין, וְחַלַּת הַמַּשְׂרֵת, וְהַמְדֻמָּע, פְּטוּרִין מִן הַחַלָּה:

   The following are liable for tithes, but exempt from hallah: rice, millet, poppy-seed, sesame seeds, pulse, and less than five-fourths [of a kab] of [the five kinds of] grain, sponge-cakes, honey-cakes, dumplings, a cake [cooked] in a pan and medumma are exempt from hallah.

5. 5

   עִסָּה שֶׁתְּחִלָּתָהּ סֻפְגָּנִין וְסוֹפָהּ סֻפְגָּנִין, פְּטוּרָה מִן הַחַלָּה. תְּחִלָּתָהּ עִסָּה וְסוֹפָהּ סֻפְגָּנִין, תְּחִלָּתָהּ סֻפְגָּנִין וְסוֹפָהּ עִסָּה, חַיָּבִין בַּחַלָּה. וְכֵן הַקְּנוּבְקָאוֹת חַיָּבוֹת:

   Dough which was originally [intended for] sponge-cakes, and in the end is [cooked as] sponge-cake, is exempt from hallah. [If it was] originally [ordinary] dough, but in the end [cooked as] sponge-cakes, [or if it was] originally [intended for] sponge-cakes, but finally [cooked as ordinary] dough, it is subject to hallah. Similarly, bread crumbs (kenuvkaot) are subject [to hallah].

6. 6

   הַמְּעִסָּה, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי פּוֹטְרִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְחַיְּבִין. הַחֲלִיטָה, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מְחַיְּבִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל פּוֹטְרִין. חַלּוֹת תּוֹדָה וּרְקִיקֵי נָזִיר, עֲשָׂאָן לְעַצְמוֹ, פָּטוּר. לִמְכֹּר בַּשּׁוּק, חַיָּב:

   Meisah: Bet Shammai exempts [from hallah], And Bet Hillel makes liable [for hallah]. Halita: Bet Shammai makes liable, And Bet Hillel exempts. The loaves of the thanksgiving sacrifice and the wafers of a nazirite: if one made them for oneself, they are exempt [from hallah]. [If one made them] to sell in the market, they are subject [to hallah].

7. 7

   נַחְתּוֹם שֶׁעָשָׂה שְׂאֹר לְחַלֵּק, חַיָּב בַּחַלָּה. נָשִׁים שֶׁנָּתְנוּ לְנַחְתּוֹם לַעֲשׂוֹת לָהֶן שְׂאֹר, אִם אֵין בְּשֶׁל אַחַת מֵהֶן כַּשִּׁעוּר, פְּטוּרָה מִן הַחַלָּה:

   A baker who made dough to divide it up into pieces, it is subject to hallah. Women who gave [flour] to a baker to make for them dough, if there is not in any one of them a [minimum] measure, it is exempt from hallah.

8. 8

   עִסַּת הַכְּלָבִים, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהָרוֹעִים אוֹכְלִין מִמֶּנָּה, חַיֶּבֶת בַּחַלָּה, וּמְעָרְבִין בָּהּ, וּמִשְׁתַּתְּפִין בָּהּ, וּמְבָרְכִין עָלֶיהָ, וּמְזַמְּנִין עָלֶיהָ, וְנַעֲשֵׂית בְּיוֹם טוֹב, וְיוֹצֵא בָהּ אָדָם יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ בְּפֶסַח. אִם אֵין הָרוֹעִים אוֹכְלִין מִמֶּנָּה, אֵינָהּ חַיֶּבֶת בַּחַלָּה, וְאֵין מְעָרְבִין בָּהּ, וְאֵין מִשְׁתַּתְּפִין בָּהּ, וְאֵין מְבָרְכִין עָלֶיהָ, וְאֵין מְזַמְּנִין עָלֶיהָ, וְאֵינָהּ נַעֲשֵׂית בְּיוֹם טוֹב, וְאֵין אָדָם יוֹצֵא בָהּ יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ בְּפֶסַח. בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ, מִטַּמְּאָה טֻמְאַת אֳכָלִין:

   Dough for dogs:If shepherds eat it: it is subject to hallah, and one may use it to make an eruv or a shittuf; and one should say the blessings over it, and one should make an invitation for birkat hamazon over it; and it may be made on a festival; and one fulfills his obligation with it on Pesah. But if shepherds do not eat it: it is not subject to hallah; and one may not use it to make an eruv, or a shittuf; and one does not say the blessings over it, and one does not make an invitation for birkat hamazon over it; and it may not be made on a festival; and one does not fulfill his obligation with it on Pesah. In either case it is susceptible to ritual defilement affecting food.

9. 9

   הַחַלָּה וְהַתְּרוּמָה, חַיָּבִין עָלֶיהָ מִיתָה וְחֹמֶשׁ, וַאֲסוּרִים לְזָרִים, וְהֵם נִכְסֵי כֹהֵן, וְעוֹלִין בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, וּטְעוּנִין רְחִיצַת יָדַיִם וְהַעֲרֵב שֶׁמֶשׁ, וְאֵין נִטָּלִין מִן הַטָּהוֹר עַל הַטָּמֵא, אֶלָּא מִן הַמֻּקָּף וּמִן הַדָּבָר הַגָּמוּר. הָאוֹמֵר, כָּל גָּרְנִי תְרוּמָה וְכָל עִסָּתִי חַלָּה, לֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם, עַד שֶׁיְּשַׁיֵּר מִקְצָת:

   In the case of hallah and terumah:One is liable for death on account of [having eaten] them death [intentionally], or to [repay] an added fifth [if unwittingly]; They are forbidden to non-priests; They are the property of the priest; They are nullified [in a mixture of] one-hundred-and-one [parts, the rest being non-sacred dough or produce]; They require washing of one’s hands; And [waiting until] the setting of the sun [prior to eating them]; They may not be separated from pure [stuff] for impure; But rather from that which is close, And from that [in a] finished [state]. If one said: “All my threshing-floor is terumah, or all my dough is hallah,” he has not said anything, unless he has left some over.