Mishnah Kilayim · chapter 3

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1. 1

   עֲרוּגָה שֶׁהִיא שִׁשָּׁה טְפָחִים עַל שִׁשָּׁה טְפָחִים, זוֹרְעִים בְּתוֹכָהּ חֲמִשָּׁה זֵרְעוֹנִים, אַרְבָּעָה בְּאַרְבַּע רוּחוֹת הָעֲרוּגָה, וְאֶחָד בָּאֶמְצַע. הָיָה לָהּ גְּבוּל גָּבוֹהַּ טֶפַח, זוֹרְעִין בְּתוֹכָהּ שְׁלֹשָׁה עָשָׂר, שְׁלֹשָׁה עַל כָּל גְּבוּל וּגְבוּל, וְאֶחָד בָּאֶמְצַע. לֹא יִטַּע רֹאשׁ הַלֶּפֶת בְּתוֹךְ הַגְּבוּל, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מְמַלְאֵהוּ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שִׁשָּׁה בָּאֶמְצַע:

   A furrow of vegetables measuring six handbreadths by six handbreadths: it is permitted to sow in it five [different] types of seeds--four [species], one on [each of] the four sides of the bed, and one in the middle. If it had a border one handbreadth high, one may sow in it thirteen [different species] three on every border, and one in the middle. It is prohibited to plant a turnip head in the border since that would fill it [completely]. Rabbi Judah said: [it is permitted to sow] six [species] in the middle.

2. 2

   כָּל מִין זְרָעִים אֵין זוֹרְעִים בַּעֲרוּגָה, וְכָל מִין יְרָקוֹת זוֹרְעִין בַּעֲרוּגָה. חַרְדָּל וַאֲפוּנִים הַשּׁוּפִין, מִין זְרָעִים. אֲפוּנִים הַגַּמְלָנִים, מִין יָרָק. גְּבוּל שֶׁהָיָה גָבוֹהַּ טֶפַח וְנִתְמַעֵט, כָּשֵׁר, שֶׁהָיָה כָשֵׁר מִתְּחִלָּתוֹ. הַתֶּלֶם וְאַמַּת הַמַּיִם שֶׁהֵם עֲמֻקִּים טֶפַח, זוֹרְעִים לְתוֹכָן שְׁלֹשָׁה זֵרְעוֹנִין, אֶחָד מִכָּאן, וְאֶחָד מִכָּאן, וְאֶחָד בָּאֶמְצַע:

   They may not sow different species of seeds in one bed, but they may sow different species of vegetables in one bed. Mustard and small polished peas are a species of seed; large peas are a species of vegetable. If a border was originally a handbreadth high and then it fell in height, it remains valid, since it was valid at the beginning. A furrow or water channel which are a handbreadth deep, it is permitted to sow three different species of vegetables, one on one side, one on the other side, and one in the middle.

3. 3

   הָיָה רֹאשׁ תּוֹר יָרָק נִכְנָס לְתוֹךְ שְׂדֵה יָרָק אַחֵר, מֻתָּר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא נִרְאֶה כְּסוֹף שָׂדֵהוּ. הָיְתָה שָׂדֵהוּ זָרוּעַ יָרָק, וְהוּא מְבַקֵּשׁ לִטַּע בְּתוֹכוֹ שׁוּרָה שֶׁל יָרָק אַחֵר, רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא הַתֶּלֶם מְפֻלָּשׁ מֵרֹאשׁ הַשָּׂדֶה וְעַד רֹאשׁוֹ. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֹרֶךְ שִׁשָּׁה טְפָחִים וְרֹחַב מְלֹאוֹ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, רֹחַב כִּמְלֹא רֹחַב הַפַּרְסָה:

   If the point of an angle of a vegetable field overlaps into a field of another vegetable, it is permitted because it looks like the end of his field. His field was sown with a certain vegetable and he wants to plant in it a row of another vegetable: Rabbi Ishmael says: [he may do so] as long as a furrow runs through from one end of the field to the other. Rabbi Akiva says: [as long as] it is six handbreadths long and fully as wide. Rabbi Judah says: [as long as] the width is the full width of a footstep.

4. 4

   הַנּוֹטֵעַ שְׁתֵּי שׁוּרוֹת שֶׁל קִשּׁוּאִין, שְׁתֵּי שׁוּרוֹת שֶׁל דְּלוּעִים, שְׁתֵּי שׁוּרוֹת שֶׁל פּוֹל הַמִּצְרִי, מֻתָּר. שׁוּרָה שֶׁל קִשּׁוּאִים, שׁוּרָה שֶׁל דְּלוּעִים, שׁוּרָה שֶׁל פּוֹל הַמִּצְרִי, אָסוּר. שׁוּרָה שֶׁל קִשּׁוּאִים, שׁוּרָה שֶׁל דְּלוּעִים, שׁוּרָה שֶׁל פּוֹל הַמִּצְרִי, וְשׁוּרָה שֶׁל קִשּׁוּאִים, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מַתִּיר, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין:

   Planting two rows of cucumbers, two rows of gourds, and two rows of Egyptian beans is permitted. [But planting] one row of cucumbers, one row of gourds and one row of egyptian beans is prohibited. [Planting] one row of cucumbers, one row of gourds, one row of Egyptian beans and [again] one row of cucumbers: Rabbi Eliezer permits, But the sages forbid.

5. 5

   נוֹטֵעַ אָדָם קִשּׁוּת וּדְלַעַת לְתוֹךְ גֻּמָּא אַחַת, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁתְּהֵא זוֹ נוֹטָה לְצַד זֶה, וְזוֹ נוֹטָה לְצַד זֶה, וְנוֹטֶה שֵׂעָר שֶׁל זוֹ לְכָאן, וְשֵׂעָר שֶׁל זוֹ לְכָאן. שֶׁכָּל מַה שֶּׁאָסְרוּ חֲכָמִים, לֹא גָזְרוּ אֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי מַרְאִית הָעָיִן:

   One may plant a cucumber and a gourd in one hole, as long as this [species] inclines in one direction, and the other [species] in the opposite direction. And he should tip the leaves of one [species] one way, and the other the opposite way, since all that the sages prohibited [in matters of kilayim] they only decreed because of appearance.

6. 6

   הָיְתָה שָׂדֵהוּ זָרוּעַ בְצָלִים, וּמְבַקֵּשׁ לִטַּע בְּתוֹכָהּ שׁוּרוֹת שֶׁל דְּלוּעִים, רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, עוֹקֵר שְׁתֵּי שׁוּרוֹת וְנוֹטֵעַ שׁוּרָה אַחַת, וּמַנִּיחַ קָמַת בְּצָלִים בִּמְקוֹם שְׁתֵּי שׁוּרוֹת, וְעוֹקֵר שְׁתֵּי שׁוּרוֹת וְנוֹטֵעַ שׁוּרָה אֶחָת. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, עוֹקֵר שְׁתֵּי שׁוּרוֹת וְנוֹטֵעַ שְׁתֵּי שׁוּרוֹת, וּמַנִּיחַ קָמַת בְּצָלִים בִּמְקוֹם שְׁתֵּי שׁוּרוֹת, וְעוֹקֵר שְׁתֵּי שׁוּרוֹת וְנוֹטֵעַ שְׁתֵּי שׁוּרוֹת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אִם אֵין בֵּין שׁוּרָה לַחֲבֶרְתָּהּ שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה, לֹא יְקַיֵּם אֶת הַזֶּרַע שֶׁל בֵּינְתָיִם:

   His field was sown with onions, and he wishes to plant in it rows of gourds:Rabbi Ishmael says: he pulls up two rows [of onions] and plants [in the cleared space] one row [of gourds], then he leaves onions over a space of two rows, pulls up two rows [of onions] and plants [in the cleared space] one row [of gourds, and so on]. Rabbi Akiva says: he pulls up two rows [of onions], plants [in the cleared space] two rows [of gourds], then he leaves onions over a space of two rows, pulls up two rows [of onions], and plants two rows [of gourds; and so on]. The sages say: if between one row [of gourds] and the next there are not twelve cubits, one may not allow that which is sown in the intervening space to remain.

7. 7

   דְּלַעַת בְּיָרָק, כְּיָרָק. וּבִתְבוּאָה, נוֹתְנִין לָהּ בֵּית רֹבַע. הָיְתָה שָׂדֵהוּ זְרוּעָה תְבוּאָה, וּבִקֵּשׁ לִטַּע לְתוֹכָהּ שׁוּרָה שֶׁל דְּלוּעִין, נוֹתְנִין לָהּ לַעֲבוֹדָתָהּ שִׁשָּׁה טְפָחִים. וְאִם הִגְדִּילָה, יַעֲקֹר מִלְּפָנֶיהָ. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, נוֹתְנִין לָהּ עֲבוֹדָתָהּ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, הֲתַחְמִיר זוֹ מִן הַגָּפֶן. אָמַר לָהֶן, מָצִינוּ שֶׁזּוֹ חֲמוּרָה מִן הַגֶּפֶן, שֶׁלְּגֶפֶן יְחִידִית נוֹתְנִין לָהּ עֲבוֹדָתָהּ שִׁשָּׁה טְפָחִים, וְלִדְלַעַת יְחִידִית נוֹתְנִין לָהּ בֵּית רֹבַע. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, כָּל שְׁלֹשָׁה דְלוּעִין לְבֵית סְאָה, לֹא יָבִיא זֶרַע לְתוֹךְ בֵּית סְאָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בֶּן הַחוֹטֵף אֶפְרָתִי אָמַר מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, כָּל שְׁלֹשָׁה דְלוּעִין לְבֵית כּוֹר, לֹא יָבִיא זֶרַע לְתוֹךְ בֵּית כּוֹר:

   A gourd [sown] among a [different] vegetable [must be separated by as much] as any other vegetable. [A gourd sown] among grain he must give it [a separating space of] a bet rova. If his field was sown with grain, and he wishes to plant within it a row of gourds, he must give [the gourds] six handbreadths for them to be worked. And if [the row of gourds] overgrows [into the border] he must pull up that which is within it. Rabbi Yose says: he must give [the gourds] four cubits for them to be worked. They said to him: Do you rule more stringently with regard to this than with regard to a vine? He said to them: We find that [the gourd] is treated more stringently than a vine, since for a single vine he must give six handbreadths for it to be worked, but for a single gourd a bet rova. Rabbi Meir said in the name of Rabbi Ishmael: if there are as many as three gourds in a bet seah, he may not bring [another] seed into the bet seah. Rabbi Yose ben Hahotef Ephrati said in the name of Rabbi Ishmael: if there are as many as three gourds in a bet kor, one may not bring [another] seed into the bet kor.