The Aramaic Bible · the Prophets
Targum Jonathan on the Prophets Hosea · chapter 4
Aramaic public domain · English where it exists, else the Bible (BSB)What is the Aramaic Bible?
After the exile, most Jews spoke Aramaic, not Hebrew, so in the synagogue each Scripture reading was followed by an Aramaic translation read aloud, so ordinary people could follow. Those translations are the Aramaic Bible. Scholars call them the Targums.
Why it’s worth reading: a Targum doesn’t just translate, it quietly explains as it goes. So it’s a window into how the first Jewish readers actually understood a passage. Famously, the Aramaic of Isaiah 53 names the servant “the Messiah” outright.
Tap any Aramaic word to trace it to its Jastrow dictionary entry.
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Hear the word of the LORD, O children of Israel, for the LORD has a case against the people of the land: “There is no truth, no loving devotion, and no knowledge of God in the land!
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Cursing and lying, murder and stealing, and adultery are rampant; one act of bloodshed follows another.
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Therefore the land mourns, and all who dwell in it will waste away with the beasts of the field and the birds of the air; even the fish of the sea disappear.
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But let no man contend; let no man offer reproof; for your people are like those who contend with a priest.
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You will stumble by day, and the prophet will stumble with you by night; so I will destroy your mother —
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My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge. Because you have rejected knowledge, I will also reject you as My priests. Since you have forgotten the law of your God, I will also forget your children.
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The more they multiplied, the more they sinned against Me; they exchanged their Glory for a thing of disgrace.
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They feed on the sins of My people and set their hearts on iniquity.
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And it shall be like people, like priest. I will punish both of them for their ways and repay them for their deeds.
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They will eat but not be satisfied; they will be promiscuous but not multiply. For they have abandoned the LORD to give themselves
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to promiscuity, wine, and new wine, which take away understanding.
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My people consult their wooden idols, and their divining rods inform them. For a spirit of prostitution leads them astray and they have played the harlot against their God.
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They sacrifice on the mountaintops and burn offerings on the hills, under oak, poplar, and terebinth, because their shade is pleasant. And so your daughters turn to prostitution and your daughters-in-law to adultery.
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I will not punish your daughters when they prostitute themselves, nor your daughters-in-law when they commit adultery. For the men themselves go off with prostitutes and offer sacrifices with shrine prostitutes. So a people without understanding will come to ruin.
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Though you prostitute yourself, O Israel, may Judah avoid such guilt! Do not journey to Gilgal, do not go up to Beth-aven, and do not swear on oath, ‘As surely as the LORD lives!’
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For Israel is as obstinate as a stubborn heifer. Can the LORD now shepherd them like lambs in an open meadow?
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Ephraim is joined to idols; leave him alone!
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When their liquor is gone, they turn to prostitution; their rulers dearly love disgrace.
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The whirlwind has wrapped them in its wings, and their sacrifices will bring them shame.[’’]
Aramaic. Targum Jonathan to the Prophets, Aramaic: 'Mikraot Gedolot' (public domain), served by the Sefaria v3 API (sefaria.org)
English. The Masoretic verse (Berean Standard Bible, public domain), shown for reference, Targum Jonathan is the ancient Aramaic rendering of this verse.
We show the license-cleared original Aramaic and an established English translation, each Aramaic word traceable to a public-domain lexicon. We never machine-translate a primary text.